Gen. info.
Groups (online) & Articles
Muscle-hand-arm (& allover) problems, suggestions
....carpal tunnel.... other hand/arm/shoulder problems
....after physical 'injury'.... heat therapies, etc.
Tools ....work areas & tables,chairs...(heavily) assistive devices
Shows
(SPECIAL groups:)
Eyesight
...low vision... blindness
.......clay brands, working w/ colors,
.......project ideas
Kids with special needs (ideas for)
Fun ideas
Seniors & assisted living & Stroke,etc..
Emotional issues & disabilities
...using clay for personal exploration, mental focusing,
.......and stress, emotional trauma, pain relief, depression, conflicts
...death, loss & grieving
Some polymer activities ...for all disabilities & needs
Misc (for all topics)

Disabilities (claying with)

Gen. info.

I have found the more creative I am, the better I feel. So don't stop being creative! ... it is what will distract you from whatever is bugging your nerve endings, and there are usually ways to help you get around things you can not do right off the bat... patsy

other helpful pages here at GlassAttic

(much of the info in Kids/Beginners also could helpful with disabilities ...esp.the'Teaching & Working with Kids' sub-category)

(for info on health and safety issues regarding polymer clay, look in Safety/Health/Cleaning)
(for possible safety issues re being left-handed, see Safety/Health/Cleaning)

(also see more groups and info on disabilities under Miscellaneous below)

clay disability GROUPS & articles

(for more info on how to use online groups, see Groups--Online)

Clayers With Disabilities: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/clayerswithdisabilities (new July 2002)
Many polymer clay artists have disabilities, and also many others would like to better accommodate clayers with disabilities in their classes and guilds.. . . Many disability professionals would like to incorporate polymer clay into therapeutic activities, but are not quite sure how to do so. This group is for such people.. . . on a professional or hobbyist level. . . and discuss how our disabilities positively and negatively effect clay-related activities.
For more information on why I'm starting this list, please visit http://artistcrafts.com/cwd/background.htm. To subscribe, send an e-mail to: clayerswithdisabilities-subscribe@yahoogroups.com, or join from the list's yahoogroups homepage (listed above).

Jewelery Makers in Pain http://groups.yahoo.com/group/JewelryMakersinpain (new 2001 0r 2002) . . . for those of us who have varying illnesses, pain, etc. 'The focus of this group is to provide a forum for discussion, support and information sources for beaders, jewelers and wire wrappers who have autoimmune diseases, chronic fatigue syndrome, rheumatoid and fibromyalgia.' . Check it out! It's nice to talk to people who understand that we're not just complaining and making it all up. FYI. Krista

Friends with Fibro (non-polymer) http://groups.yahoo.com/group/friendswithfibro ...fibromyalgia and related syndromes...if you want to just vent, seek sympathy or just cry on a shoulder, we are here for you. We also have a live chat for members on Sundays at 8:00pm EST.
. . .They are a good group. Angie

Sue Salvatore's column archives in Polyzine, 'Art in Transition' --which deals with using clay while having a disability, as well as safety, etc., for all.
....('adaptive studio layouts, ergonomics, space organization, inspiration, and ways to dig deep when it seems there is no place left to dig. It is the wish of the staff at Polymer Clay Polyzine that this column becomes an interactive resource for support, technical advice and of course, art through polymer clay.')
http://pcpolyzine.com/february2001/art.html (Sue's history, & inspiration)
http://pcpolyzine.com/march2001/art.html (ergomonics & safety)
http://pcpolyzine.com/april2001/art.html (attending retreats & classes --things for *everyone* to consider)
(further articles suspended because of health)

MUSCLE-HAND-ARM problems .... or all over

Those pins-and-needles sensations in your hand may be from your neck and shoulders (C7, T1, T2), especially if you notice it in one side of your hands and some fingers more than others (different dermotomes).
Pinched or smushed nerves (from muscle tension) shut down the blood supply
.
So pull those shoulders back and down
. Roll them and see if that alleviates the tingles. Vicki Sergent

(fibromyalgia can make one especially susceptible to repetitive motion injuries and these kinds of long lasting reactions)

Please be careful with your hands though... When you feel them beginning to tingle/deaden, STOP NOW ... or you can have a problem for a long time. Actually, when you feel them deaden like that you should already have stopped...I know it's a lot like trying to stop a fast-moving train, but it's ultimately worth it (unfortunate voice of long experience here). Diane B.
... I second that!!!. You lose much less time from claying if you STOP before pushing too far. Much less than if you have to deal with the inflammation. This is a very tough lesson, but I'm really glad I finally learned its not 'quitting', its 'tool management'. Sarajane

(see Sanding for suggestions on making sanding easier for hands/arms/shoulders)

(see Tools category for info on sanding with a Dremel, etc., especially for people with arm/joint problems)

repetitive strain injuries . . . RSIs encompass a broad range of disorders affecting different parts of the body.. . . carpal tunnel syndrome , tendon-related disorders (tendinitis, tenosynovitis, DeQuervain's disease), thoracic outlet syndrome, epicondylitis (tennis elbow) and ganglion cysts. RSIs are also known as repetitive motion injuries (RMI), musculoskeletal injuries (MSI), etc.
......An RSI occurs when tissue is subjected to thousands of repetitive motions. ..According to one theory, the movements cause microscopic tears in muscles, tendons and ligaments. The tearing leads to inflammation, and the debris left by inflammation forms scar tissue that binds muscles and stiffens tendons. The injured tissue contracts, decreasing its range of motion. Tendons normally glide smoothly inside lubricated sheaths. If the tendons are damaged, the lubricating fluid dries out, causing tendon and sheath to adhere and chafe. Unless the cycle of injury is interrupted, the tissue fails to recover fully, and a long-term, chronic problem results. .......see much more in RSI's here: http://home.interlog.com/~acantor/csun1995.htm

. . . about that repetitive strain on your right forefinger, have you tried swapping your mouse? You can switch which button is the primary one in your control panel. The first 15 minutes of using it with your left hand will make you loopy, but if you manage to get past that, it's surprising how quickly you can adjust to it. Judi

homemade, small heated fabric bags of flax seed are flexible and nice to squeeze for those of us with carpel tunnel syndrome…caliopegreen
.... or freeze some rice bags (or use other fillers) then use them for computer wrist rests if you have carpal tunnel syndrome. (make a couple of long tubes)
...patterns for making regular "rice heating bags," plus mitten bags, foot warmer bags, eye bags, neck & shoulder bags, etc. http://www.diamondthreadworks.com/microwave_heating_bags.htm
(see bottom of page for whole text)

I went through ergonomic training via the state of Washington, (used to be my employer). One of the biggest problems creating long term injury is NOT moving around every 20 - 30 minutes or so. The human body needs movement to keep blood circulation at it's optimal rate - the oxygen in the blood relaxes tired muscles and tissues,etc. So actually it's good to move around frequently. Some people change from sitting to standing while they work so that their movements can be more whole body. They do this for about five minutes every half hour or so - that way they don't have to stop working. Meredith

So I set my timer for 2 hours, and even if I just get a cup of coffee or a sandwich, I stretch, wiggle fingers and toes and rotate my neck. I have carpal tunnel and tendonitis. ..also ...Ibuprofen <Advil, Motrin> is not just a pain-reliever, it's an anti-inflammatory, so if it gets bad, take some. Is your work surface at a comfortable height? Do you have an alternate place to work? Sometimes I find that if I move from one table to another, it helps. Not always possible, I know. ..Corinne/Don

(I work for a neurologist and have what is called nerve radiculopathy) ...I get severe pains starting in my wrist and shooting to my pointer finger and swelling my thumb then radiates up my arm to my elbow . . . I only have flare ups about 2 x a year and asked him for something to help when it is bad other than pills.
He told me this.....
--First - stop the crafts for a few days
--Second - it is NOT carpal tunnel (that is a totally different nerve and many peoplethink they have)
--Third - do not wear jewelery or tight sleeves or a watch during the flare up.
--Fourth - he gave me a prescription for Ethyl Chloride. This is a refrigerant spray that sort of freezes the area and relieves the pain immediately and for a couple of hours. This stuff is great! Athletes use it for muscle pulls etc. It doesn't make you loopy and you can use it as often as needed. I would highly suggest asking your doctor if this spray is right for you. Oh, I don't have insurance but my pharmacy only charges all of $13 a bottle! (some pharmacies don't carry it though) Vikki

As for neck and back getting back to pre-accident - I know what you mean. I was in a head-on in 1987 and have never been o.k. since. I discovered recently that Kava Root extract, (from the health food store), has helped me feel the best I have ever felt since my accident. I take it before I go to bed - it acts like a muscle relaxer - amazing stuff. My neck is much improved from this stuff - I can't say enough about it. Meredith

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

http://www.carpal.com/ --shows where the nerves in the hand travel, and the ligament which can trap the median nerve (also one of several makers of therapeutic gloves)

carpal-tunnel syndrome
. . . .This is the condition where the nerves of the middle of the palm, thumb, index, and middle finger become inflamed. from entrapment of the median nerve. . . can cause pain and damage (similar to above, but different nerves)

"The carpal "tunnel" is where the median nerve and some of the tendons to your fingers pass through the wrist. This "tunnel" lies just beneath the creases on the middle of the inside of your wrist. . . There's not a lot of extra room here and if things get tight, there's extra pressure on the nerve.
...To feel where this is...."straighten out your wrist and fingers so your hand's straight in line with your forearm as if it were resting flat on a table. Now feel the inside of your wrist where the creases are ...Then, bend your hand and wrist back. You'll notice that the inside of your wrist in that area gets harder...this is putting pressure on those structures in the carpal tunnel. . . .
.... Activities that stress the tendons in your wrist over and over are a type of repetitive trauma, and are a major cause of carpal tunnel syndrome.
......When you use muscles or tendons a lot, they tend to get bigger and stronger. That's OK for your bicep since it's not in a confined space. However, when the tendons in your carpal tunnel get bigger from overuse, they put more pressure on the median nerve which also is in the carpal tunnel. This pressure causes Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. . . ." (so best to keep wrist in neutral, straight position as much as possible)
http://www.docflash.com/carpal.htm

Julie Wisecraft's article on her carpal tunnel experience (& surgery)
http://pcpolyzine.com/0205may/carpal.html

I actually asked all the therapists when I was having therapy who they recommended, and they all liked my doctor so that was who I called. he also was the only surgeon in town doing the endoscopic surgery which is much less invasive, and you heal quicker, and supposedly have less pain from the surgery, cuz they don't open up your whole wrist. just two little incisions. one in the wrist, and one in the palm of the hand. can't even see the scars now unless you look very closely. the surgery is painfull, still. but from what I understand, not near as painful as the regular release surgery. Kellie

...I'm the woman who wrote the letter to Sep 2002, PCPolyzine about Active Release Therapy. I did so to suggest to people like yourself that they try it BEFORE having surgery. Compared to surgery it's inexpensive, non-invasive and has no side effects. . . . To find a therapist in your area log on to http://www.activerelease.com . . . Read all about it at http://pcpolyzine.com/previous.html, Letters to the Editor, Sep 02. Pat D.
....Try and find a Chiropractor who knows Applied kinesiology, especially the course designed by Dr. George Goodheart. The chiropractor should test your wrist, arm, shoulder and neck muscles. Correct any misalignment in those areas. Work on the muscles and probably advise you on nutrition. A strap or tape around the wrist is a temporary strenghting technique. Surgery can often be avoided if Carpal Tunnel is caught early. Re-think how you work the clay and use an ice pack when you are sore. We have a lot of people in the office with this, including me, and most of them respond very well. The treatment shouldn't require tons of visits or a lot of cost. Call first and ask questions to get the best DC for your problem. Madam Rini

....What the doctor told him to do was to take very hot steamy towels and drape them over his forearms for 20-30 minutes before working. Then he does some stretches, and he's ready to go. This has worked very well for him and finally solved his problem. . . . two motions that were particularly bad. One was the act of pinch-reducing triangular-shaped canes. The other was when he rolled down a round cane, he would push on it starting with his fingers and roll it down to his wrists. The doctor said that he should never use his wrists to roll the canes, ONLY USE YOUR HANDS.
Also avoid mixing colors with your fingers –it’s very hard on the thumbs.

There are various kinds of 'carpal tunnel gloves', which are supposed to help prevent or stop carpal tunnel irritation
...those available at quilt shops (spandex?)
...SoftFlex Computer Gloves: These gloves have a soft pad on either side of the median nerve to prevent its compression while typing: http://www.carpal.com/ (this website feels that some carpal tunnel syndrome is misdiagnosed and is simply the result of resting the wrist on the keyboard);
.... other companies offer similar gloves

. . .exercises to prevent carpal tunnel. She told me to pull, or bend, my fingers and thumb (with other hand pulling them) to a 90-degree angle toward my shoulder for 30 seconds about three times per day. I have done this and have actually been able to pull my hand to less than a 90-degree angle after some months of doing the exercise. Has it helped??? I notice that my hands don't feel as fatigued. mamadude
Another great thing to avoid carpal tunnel is to put your hands together, fingertips to fingertips and push your hands together without palms touching. This stretches your fingers and hands and takes the pressure off the tunnels that all the tendons run through. Meredith
...I found this on line http://www.mydailyyoga.com/yoga/rsi.html check it out it has some great caple tunnel prevention stretches. . .if I can avoid surgery. . .WHOOPEEE! Dawn
...you might try an excercise our massage therapist taught us. Stand in a doorway and put your hands on the inside of the door frame (flat on it) about waist high, then lean forward, stretching your wrists. Try that again about a foot up, and so on until your hands are above you on the door frame. It gives the DH and I tremendous relief when we do it regularly. Tess

there are many small pieces of equipment which will exercise various parts of the hands/arms for prevention, treatment to be found online;
there are also free exercises online

(causes of carpal tunnel, etc.)
Yes, that's it exactly. It's repeated stress that does it--not the activity itself, but the repetition. There are certain things that are worse than others--for instance...
do NOT put pressure on a bent wrist, ie smashing clay onto a table with wrist bent and straight arm.
Don't support weight on bent wrists--no push ups. No carrying trays like a waiter in the movies. Don't even spend a long time with your hands on your hips.
Keep your feet on the floor as you sit and work, not crossed, and sit up stright (mom knew some stuff, didn't she?)
Avoid hard gripping/squeezing work if possible Wire cutters, pliers, hole punches through leather--limit how much time you do these things,
Also avoid vibrational work--give up that jackhammer hobby-- and watch wrist positions when clutching the steering wheel or bike handles. One of the WORST offenders for me was pushing a baby carriage several miles a day going back and forth to school to drop off and pick up my older son. Bent wrists, pushing weight, and vibrating down the sidewalk as the pains shot up my arm to the elbow....I don't do this anymore, haven't in years, and won't again soon! It was amazing how much this ONE activity would set off CTS.
.......VARY your activites--if I have a 8 hours on the computer day, I make sure to stop ever once in a while and do something else...play some piano, wash dishes, or stand and stretch--something that uses your hands in different ways, uses different muscles and such.
B vitamins were very helpful for me as well--I can't take anti-inflammatories due to allergies, so I have learned to NOT set it off in the first place, and to
STOP RIGHT NOW when I get twingy/buzzy feelings. Then I can do more later, as opposed to the old 'I'll just finish this in spite of pain, its almost close to done' thing which inevitably caused me to spend two weeks in wrist braces. Life is very hard when you have to brush your teeth by sticking the brush into your brace and moving your head back and forth... Sarajane

....unfortunately, I've heard from a number of people that carpal tunnel surgery didn't really work for them...

OTHER hand-arm-shoulder problems
+ ulnar neuropathy

(a 'neuropathy' is an abnormal and usually degenerative state of the nervous system or nerves...pain, loss of feeling,etc.)

ulnar 'neuropathy'.....a condition where the nerves of the little finger and outside of the palm beneath it, and the inside of the ring finger become inflamed.
It's usually caused by a motion repeated under 'stress', or by frequent and lengthy compression on the ulnar nerve --which travels to the hand by way of the outside of the elbow, from the neck (so this problem can also be coming from the neck; if so, consider changing the way you sit for long periods...avoid the head-stuck-out posture and try to keep the neck relatively straight)
I got mine from sitting at the keyboard performing two keystrokes over and over again which required my fingers to be somewhat split apart under tension (changing text to hyperlinks in Dreamweaver right here at GlassAttic..ugh).

...Changing my chair also helped whatever part of it may have been coming from my neck, and was vitally important.
...I also now always allow my arms to 'hang' from my shoulders as much as possible rather than resting them on the keyboard, chair arms, etc., especially when this caused my elbows to be away from my body).
...I also make sure my arms and (straight) wrists form a 90 degree angle while at the computer for long periods.
...Also, avoid carrying heavy things with bent elbows.

The things above have all helped tremendously, but I still have only partial feeling in my little finger. The beginning six months were as close to hell as I ever want to go though (irritated-nerve pain is like nothing else!), but now I don't have the pain part.
It's important to have this checked out by a neurologist as soon as possible if you notice numbness like this, because once the nerve is injured it often gets worse and worse (particularly the older you are . . . ), and the effects can easily take several years to go away (even if you do the right things from then on...that only stops the damage from progressing even further) (see the part about STOPPING immediaitely if you feel anything similar, above). Diane B.

my neurologist also suggested avoiding anything similar (to carrying the 4x8 plywood sheets) like carrying grocery bags with bent arms (now I use only plastic grocery bags, carry them at the end of straight arms, and swing them onto the counter with straight arms if they're heavy . . .it seems to work!) Diane B.

stretches
... we got to change our position, stretch the hands fully extended and fingers splayed if we've been typing or clutching small items a lot..
....Vary the activities also will help during healing. We need to stand up and stretch our spines after hunching over doing our clay work. Nora Jean

computer set ups:
-the keyboard should be lower than most people have it; to measure where that should be, here are the guidelines:
---upper arms should be hanging loosely from their sockets (and should be kept fairly close to the body when typing...elbows not out)
---forearms/wrists/hands should be straight, with the fingers curving a bit down; and they should be parallel to the floor;
---(wrists or forearms should not be resting heavily on anything, especially while typing --which would keep all the parts of the arm from moving around as much as possible, preventing tensed muscles);
---the monitor should be centered in front of the keyboard letters,
--and it should be raised or lowered to make your eye level is at least even with, or higher than, the center of the screen (most screens tilt also if that should help)... you don't want to be looking up at the screen (creating a turtle neck), or left or right at it.
...OSHA's photo of correct body positions when seated at a computer:
http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/computerworkstations/index.html

(for sitting at a sewing machine or work table correctly, see below in Work Tables, etc.)

(My dr.) suggested moving my computer mouse to the other hand than I normally use. Nora-Jean
....also the buttons on the mouse can be set to do each other's jobs. DB

Rearranging the pasta machine so I either crank it with both hands or with the non-usually-used hand. Nora Jean

shoulder pain. . . 'Pasta Crank Shoulder' is what my Orthopedic/Sport's Injury Doctor teased me with this last Tuesday ...bursitis is what he told me I have. The bursa are the sacks around your joints (bunions on the toe are the swelling of the bursa sacks). I was given a prescription for an anti-inflamatory and anaelgesic for the pain. .... If the pain is just below your collar bone and travels down the forearm and ends up at the back of the elbow...then you're my pain twin and that's what I am experiencing.... But if you've been having pain in your shoulder for a couple of months I'd plead with you to go see your Doctor and get referred to a Sport's Injury Orthopedic group if you have one in your area.
(Glucosamine and Condroitin are for rebuilding the ligaments and will not prevent repeative stress on the bursa sacks, and will not help tendonitis because that's an inflamation of the tendons)

We hurt our thumbs by pressing with them repeatedly as when mixing colors by hand ...and also by choking canes.

We hurt our wrists by clutching small items tightly..

(see more on shoulders, necks, etc., below in Work Tables and Surfaces)

After Physical 'Injury'

One of the things I now realize (after a number of injuries to various limbs) is that when I injure something, I have to go through a period of *training* myself to remember I have it! Otherwise, my habits will take over and I'll use that arm/leg/finger/etc. before I even realize I'm doing it .. and ouch! So now when I injure myself anew (sigh), I've learned to wrap the area lightly with a colored ace bandage or put a brightly colored band-aid on it right in the beginning, to help alert me that the injury is even there ... only then (gradually) do I begin to realize NOT to use that part of my anatomy before I actually do (there's definite mental exercise involved in figuring out different ways to perform every relevant action too!). After that retraining though, the area can begin to get the needed rest and heal. (One little problem with this is that by the time I've healed whatever it is, I've got brand new habits I have to get rid of later .)
Another thing you might want to consider is wrapping your wrist lightly while you're sleeping to avoid twisting, bending, or lying on it. I am currently using a pharmacy-bought wrist splint on my wrist at night, with the metal reinforcing bar removed, for just that reason. It's not really tight, just enough to keep it from bending too much. (Helpful hint: if you try this, get the ExtraLarge size.) Good luck and take care of yourself! Remember, it's hard for a self-sufficient person to tolerate feeling like wimp, but the longer you irritate an injury the longer it takes to get back up to speed. Just keep repeating that to yourself <g>. Diane B.
....When our kids were growing up and we were in the Philipines it was discovered that the younger daughter had a weak wrist. I built her a bowling brace. By the time the kids quit bowling some 8 years later I had made over 20 of them for their friends. I was told that they offered more support then the comercial ones. I was using 1/8' aluminanum sheet in part of it. The alluminum was stitched between two layers of leather. I then put medical 'mole skin' on the areas that touched the skin.Once fitted correctly and put on your wrist did NOT move. but they did not cut off the circulation either. You could wear it for six games stright without even having to loosen it. I don't even have one left laying around the house. each kid kept theirs. Lysle
....If I ever break (or sprain, etc.) a finger again, I think I'll try making my own splint for it, to prevent movement...when I broke them before, the dr. had me use some flat aluminum rod (under a layer of cushiony foam) to hold them in a slightly tilted-up-at-the-end position while they healed, wrapped on each side of the joint with a strip of fabric tape. She never bent them correctly/comfortably though!! so I began bending my own. I can see that making one's own split, exactly fit to the conformation of *one's own* finger along the whole length, would have been much more comfortable though, not to say more waterproof, than the ones she made! . . .
.this should also work for hurt, infected, or painful areas to prevent their being bumped...ouch! Diane B.
....I recently bruised the tendon in my right thumb (badly) bending heavy wire with an unsuitable tool.. . . So I made a polymer clay splint out of scrap clay. Wow! Much better than those popsicle stick ones we used when I was a kid! Custom color, and fit, too. melanie
....imagine if you'd lined your splint with a deliciously soft fabric, soaking the ends in TLS and securing them on the outside, bake, then decorate to hide the raw seams and bake again. start a whole new fashion trend in hand jewelry! Sunni

Heat therapies

rice heating bag... take a LONG sock (mens tube sock is the best) fill it about 1/2 to 3/4 with rice & tie knot or stitch the top & put in microwave 2-3 min... til nice & warm. . . . provides lots of heat & helps w/ joints or cold toes ... or across the neck/back area. Patsy
... muslin filled tubes with a cotton slip (or sock, or 'pillow case' of fleece, etc.) work well, and the outer covering can be washed over and over. Polly
...a cousin to my fa-vorite bed buddy! I have a U-shaped rice bag thingie I bought years ago which nestles around my feet when I go to sleep. It's so soothing and comfy that it can take my mind off other things, as well as just warm up feet that don't seem to be able to throw off their chill for several hours without it. (Even when I can't go back to sleep after waking up, I have to trot down the hall to the microwave and give it a fresh charge! ). My son started using one as an all-purpose teddy bear years ago after he discovered how calming it could be when he was really feeling sick. Now I sometimes use his technique when I'm feeling lousy and just want a little spot of comfort.... 2 minutes in the microwave, then just snug it my abdomen (usually while sitting), and it really seems to help. Diane B.
add more filler ingredients and tips from Word files

I tend to use my cup of coffee as a hand warmer (china cups are designed to tell you when the coffee is too hot to drink--if you can't comfortably hold the cup...) I tend to keep some kind of drink going all day, and I tend to keep coffee on if my hands are especially stiff, just so I can hold it. . . . I also wear those Thermacares a lot, and if wearing a back wrap, can hold my hands on it to warm them up too. . . . And finally, there are those 'hot packs' they sell for hunters, sports addicts, campers, etc. to use as hand/pocket warmers. Laurel

That's my other real helper too --hot-water therapy...ah-h-h. A long tub soak works wonders preferably accompanied by a good mystery, or I'll just stand in the shower till I turn into a prune ... used to do that sometimes for my migraines too if they were awful and let the water just run all down my head. Brief but appreciated respite.

Wish there were a quicker and longer-lasting way of keeping hands warm though. When I want to do some clay stuff but have popscicle-fingers, I just stand at the sink letting almost-hot water run over them for about 30 seconds; they really warm up to the bone that way, and that gets me comfortable enough to get started. Diane B.

My cousin gave my mother one of those home hot wax bath machines and she says it does wonders. She has just about the worst arthritis you can imagine in both hands, severe pain and stiffness that is severely limiting for her in every way. She says the heat from the wax lasts for some time and is very soothing for the pain and stiffness. You can use it on your feet too ! To the best of my knowledge the wax can be reused, and it's not absolutely necessary to buy the expensive scented or herbal waxes. You can use plain parrafin which is a lot cheaper. Ke

TOOLS ... WORK AREAS .... ASSISTIVE DEVICES

Tools

What's your favorite 'assistive device' that makes your claying life easier? The one simple tool you couldn't live without?
.... Hands down, mine is the motor for my pasta machine I broke down and bought last year . . . now I can't believe I ever lived without it! Laurel
... a feeding tray for the pasta machine could be good too... it's an upright, metal sheet which attaches to slots at top back of an Amoco pasta machine (or Atlas 150?) (or other? pasta machines) so that one won''t have to hold a long sheet or strip of clay with the left hand while cranking or motoring it through the rollers
http://www.polymerclayexpress.com/equip.html

'Magni-Clips' which clip onto glasses giving a 1.00-4.00 magnification for working on small items whether you have a disability or not!. . . doesn't cover whole field of vision like reading glasses. . . flip-up-able
http://www.mjlampwork.com/magniclips.html

(I put about 1/2 of a small pkg of Fimo in the microwave on the Defrost setting (very low power) for about 30 secs. This warms it up just enough to be slightly pliable.) . . . . Then I use a straight-sided glass bottle with a tight-fitting cap (from ketchup, soy sauce or the like), filled with hot tap water, as a rolling pin. This will quickly make it ready to go through the pasta machine without requiring too much muscle. Suzanne

I condition my polymer (particulary Fimo) with a heavy wooden mallet. Hitting it and turning over and over. Has worked like a charm for me for a long time. You don't have to hit too hard either.
While mechanisation is fine (food processors etc - if you can afford it) - hard Fimo can be beaten into submission with an old rolling pin. Chop it into inch size lumps, stand up so you can have good pressure onto your work table and go for it with the rolling pin! Sue
Try driving over it (I think I posted this from my friend - she doesn't want to be identified!). Wrap with plastic, wrap with newspaper and drive over it! She swears by this method. Donna

(see much more on help with conditioning clay in Conditioning)

The oven is almost perfect for clay. (It is a Toastmaster Model TTOB4.) The best part, though, is that the toaster oven has a 30 minute timer. I can set it for 20 minutes and a bell rings to tell me it has preheated to the desired temperature. Then, when I bake, I can set it for as long as I need (up to 30 minutes) and it will turn itself off after that time. This is a great help to me, since sometimes my back strength and my baking times don't coincide. I can just leave my items in the oven until I am able to get up to get them. Dottie Hobbs

Brayers for flattening small and large pieces of clay... depends on what you'd most often be using it for... small things like pads of clay or squaring up canes, or for larger things like sheets of clay.
..For small or long things, there is a less expensive small brayer I use sometimes which is actually a wallpaper seam roller (the one with a plastic roller, not wood). Sometimes you can run across something similar from kids' toys. Another bet would be a straight-sided drinking glass or jar. Rather than a brayer, often an acrylic block or small piece of glass can be used for flattening smaller things (it will keep the design more even also).
...The very best thing, of course, and which you'll undoubtedly need if you want to do much one-handed clay, would be a pasta machine. The cheapest you can usually buy a new one is around $30, but if you check garage sales and thrift stores, they are sometimes found pretty cheap ($5 or so)!
....If you want to make larger sheets, you can use taped-down guide rails and roll over the clay with a roller or brayer of any type. (see Tools > Brayers and Pasta Machines for more info)

You can always use an acrylic, glass or marble work surface, as a stabilizer for your clay too, since raw clay will stick to very smooth surfaces pretty well while you cut or manipulate it, if there's enough surface contact anyway .... thinner acrylic or glass can be held in place by placing rubberized drawer liner underneath it)

see the Scumbuster and the Mouse Sander in Sanding > Power Tools, for help with sanding (especially for long sessions of sanding and for for wrist/hand/arm/strength problems) . . . also see 'Other Ways to Sand' (and pre-smooth) on that page

I can not use sandpaper. It aggravates my arthritis in my hands too much. I had not heard of the flex tool. I may look at it as it might be helpful for me if I don't have to hold it too tightly with my fingers. I wouldn't give up on the Dremel. It just takes time to learn how to use it. As with anything, even the clay itself, you just have to be cautious. connie
(If you buy) the flexible shaft, it is so much easier to hold; you don't have to control so much weight as you do with holding the actual Dremel tool itself. And for the same reason, it's easier to control than holding the actual tool. If you have problems with your arms or hands, the flex shaft is wonderful! Barb
...I have found a couple of things that have made it easier for me (with my joint problems)...I use a dremel for just about everything.I have a flexi grip. If you don't have one you might want to try one.Its a long atachment that is snake like. It s what you hold onto instead of the dremel.It's real easy to maneuver...I just got a foot speed control. I think it like a sewing machine pedal.It slows down the wheel to as slow as you want it.Or as fast.I always use the cloth polishing wheels.I soften them by sniping some of the stiches out around the wheel.Not to many or it will fall apart. On my good days I sand w/ 600-then-1500 grit always w/water.Then i go to town w/my dremel.I prob.just told you what ya already know.But if i can help a fellow sufferer even a little i don't mind looking a little foolish.. Dawnie
(for more on pedals, see Tools > Foot Pedals)

For buffing, you could get a drill stand for the Dremel. Then set up the Dremel with buffing wheel in the stand and treat it like a table buffer. Judi
..(for Dremel, but would work for a drill?) I clamp it into a vise and move the clay onto it unstead of it onto the clay. Marty (maybe wrapping it with rubbery drawer liner for stability?
...
...I have a small vise that I lay my dremel in (putting the on/off switch on top where I can get to it easily). This holds the dremel in place and steady and I can use it like a foredom buffer or bench grinder depending on what wheel I have on it. Elise
...Yes, and if you want more power or to work with a larger wheel... you can clamp a regular drill to a table & use it like a table buffer as well. It's easier and safer to have both hands free. . . . (just make sure it's stable. You can still hurt yourself... always be VERY aware of your movements when working with power tools...and put them away if you find yourself having a 'clumsy day'or feeling very tired). Joanie
(see more on using a Dremel for sanding or buffing, plus interesting techniques and modifications) in Tools > Dremels)

Pat, I love the idea of clients making their own adaptive tools I think it could be both helpful and empowering. Lori

see Celia's lesson on making your own small sanding tools with handles to help avoid pain in hands, in Sanding > Other Materials & Tools

handles: I covered my paring knife handles with Premo sometime ago.... Sure helps when you have arthritis in your hands. Flo
... flexible-clay handles, made from one of the stretchy clays like Sculpey's Bend & Flex clay...I found something new to do with the Eraser clay(well new for me) I have arthritis, so I need to do things to my tools to make them fit my crooked hands. Pat

mandalamama's handle tools http://www.artwithaheart.com/playwithclay/adaptive.html

bunnyboo covers the back half of her crochet hooks with clay... creating a wider area with a depression halfway up the hook, at the top of the clayed area, for a thumb to rest in
(see more on covering crochet hooks, etc., with clay in
Tools > Handles)

increasing the size of a handle could be good for some people, and there are lots of materials that can be used to cover them, polymer or not
.... what's best would depend on what exactly's needed for a particular person and task
.... some people might want something cushiony, but some may want something firmer (like clay)
........there are various kinds of foamy stuff in various shapes at hardware and craft stores that might be usable.... I once taped a length of large-diameter black foam tubing (used for something or other) around my broom handle, e.g.... there's also 'foam rubber' and mattress pad foam.... as well as sheets of craft foam (Foamies?), etc.
...
the 2-part silicone molding materials could be good (and quick to make), but the material can be somewhat expensive for large handles... perhaps a layer of silicone could be laid over a basic polymer or other built-up handle?
........there are also other kinds of silicone type stuff that could work, like caulking? (see Molds > Silicone for much more on all these)
.

handles could have finger depressions, or even finger holders, to actually hold-strap fingers in place or give more automatic grip

(for info on making various handles.. see Tools > Handles)

finger grips: I also saw this adapter for pencils or pens that slips over the pen to make it fatter so I can grip things ....so I tried to make one of these things with the eraser clay and low and behold...it works.... I made two grippers out of 1oz. ...it is sort of triangular in shape....After working the clay I took my lead pencil..put some talc on it made to triangle shapes pushed them on to the pencil then made a shape with the preassure of my thumb, forefinger and next finger....baked ...and it fits like a charm...it is soft ..not squishy..and I did my crossword puzzle with it this AM and boy what a difference...Pat
...This sounds great . . .I made something similar for my son when he was learning to write (he kept holding his fingers a really bad way), but of course the clay I used was hard after baking. Diane B.
...
make pencil grips in special shapes to go around the ends of pen and allow easier holding and writing/drawing
...for children who are learning to write, or for older people with arthritis, etc., or for some disabilities...
...could be make with regular clay, or softer with Bend & Flex clay, or even with 2-part silicone molding material (see Molds>Silicone)
http://www.therapybookshop.com/24.html (various shapes... not nec. clay)
...or could we make something from clay like these unusual ergonomic-shaped pens... or cover or just embellish them?
http://www.penagain.com

I use a special tape to cushion the handles of my crochet hooks
...it's puckery and stretchy and sticks to itself ... mine is blue
.........my nail technician wraps it around her finger when she is filing, so look at beauty supply places.
.........the nail tech tape sounds suspiciously like vet wrap (used on animals to keep them from licking/chewing off their bandages). Cost about $4 a roll at the feed store. (It's a bit TOO sticky for my taste so I wrap a second layer of cloth tape on top so my hands don't end up all blue & gummy.) Lauren...
......that might be the same stuff that carvers use to protect their fingers
http://www.artwoodcrafter.com/catalog/Item.asp?Item=KN-6215
.
.... I'm thinking it also might be like the fiberglass cast material that is used for setting broken bones
.....and maybe check quilting shops too, for those who don't like thimbles but need to protect the finger tips. Helen P.
.....I'd bet that floral tape might work too even though it's not the same stuff! Margaret D.

You might need to tape or glue a partial cover to top and/or sides of some things,
.....and/or add a clay handle or a bought knob to the clay
... and/or, if the tool can't be baked, you'll need to form anything polymer first, remove to bake it, then glue it back in place.

The weight of hand tools could also be a factor
........ for some people with tremors, etc., having a bit of extra weight in the right spot can help keep them steady
........ but for others with strength problems, the lighter the better.
.... it also might be good for some people to have something which would hold or strap a tool to the forearm (Velcro?) so different muscles could be used
....position could help too, physics-wise .....more force can be exerted more of the body is being used, for example (using the whole upper body by standing up, or by standing over the task).
.... angle of arms, etc. could make things easier or harder (perhaps motions could be done in the lap, or even bending from the waist). Diane B.

SCULPTING...Especially for those with tremors, NoraJean advocates filing faces (and other sculpts) after an initial baking of the rough shape (she may begin with a mold). . .she feels that one has greater control using a jeweler's file (rather than sandpaper which removes too much) and one can go slower, etc., .. and that there's no chance of messing up the head by mishandling or dinging it (takes about an hour). This also removes fingerprints and discolored clay.
Nora Jean also may add clay and reshape it if the nose is too small, etc (with brushing of TLS first?).... then rebakes
... she files the last time in small circles ....be sure to remove the dust before baking
http://www.norajean.com/Sculpt/FileFaces/Ramble.htm and http://www.norajean.com/Sculpt/FileFaces/001-Group.htm
She then fills in all the file marks, and coats the whole skin, with skin colored clay mixed with a drop of TLS
http://www.norajean.com/CowboyKai-3e.htm
...
various people have suggested making a second clay skin to cover the baked face in order to cover discolorations and fingerprints
....
sequential molds... NoraJean advocates making a number of molds as you get closer and closer to the face you want to sculpt ...so sculpt-mold-make new head from that mold. . . sculpt-mold-make new head....etc . . . . then file
...Jay Dearborn makes customized stands to hold sculpts (whole figures or just heads) while making (also baking) for artists who are suffering from disabilities
http://www.arcticfantasy.com (Enter, then click on Sculpting Stands)
......or see Sculpting-Body > Tools > Support Stands for these at e-Bay store

for making a device to make extruding with a clay gun very easy on the hands and arms, see Clay Guns > Pushers > Bellow
...My husband Kris already made the (bellows pusher), and it works like a charm. . . .In fact, I don't have to use foot or hand pressure (either works fairly easily) if I don't wish; he just picked up a ten pound hand weight, placed it on the end of the board, and voila! Nice, steady pressure, no blow out of the disks, no bending. It's great! Pat O.

Something that helps a lot with Balinese Filigree is using a lazy susan bearing with a small ceramic tile or acrylic block, etc., placed on top. These help create spirals quickly and easily and keep the action close at hand.
http://pcpolyzine.com/december2001/tools.html
(--near the bottom of the page...my photo of the small plastic turntable bearing I use; it's on the left side of the photo, and has a square acrylic block on top of it and a couple of small strips of rubberized drawer liner beneath for traction.)
(for more info on this and similar aides, look at ClayGuns > Balinese Filigree)
....I use my small turntable for all sorts of things... sculpture, alignment checking,spiral bowls etc, etc - I got the idea from cake decorator and pottery makers wheels. ...the heart of my turntable is the low-friction bearing motor from a cannibalised hard drive. I fixed plates of acrylic (a later version had punched metal plates) to the base and spindle with epoxy. When you spin the thing - it doesn't seem to want to stop! In these days of wall to wall computers, there's a very good chance that anyone can get hold of a broken drive. Alan V.

for paper punches . . . Came across a helpful tool found among the paper punches in local craft stores, called Strong Arm .. . it facilitates repetitive punching of polymer as well as paper --and beats using a hammer or standing on the punch! The manufacturer is McGill, costs around $20, and is featured on their web page: http://www.mcgillinc.com Carol in Meadville

BLADES & CUTTERS: ...details on all these things plus more ideas are on the Cutters-Blades page
...especially in Long Blades and Short Blades and Kids & Blades

the top edge of long blades can have clay (or other materials) added (...often at one or both ends)
...this gives a better place to grip, as well as helping one remember which is the sharp side! (the side without the clay)

there are ways to make blades less-sharp than real blades (dull them a bit)
...and also ways to make blades and cutters in the first place which aren't as sharp, for those who need them
........items from around the house can also be used as less-sharp blades or cutters

Garie Sim makes a tool from an aluminum sheet? (like a small dough scraper) which could also function like a long blade ...he curls one end of the aluminum over to act as a handle (especially good for very young or disabled children)
(the first, and perhaps the second, could also be used to cut cane slices as long as the canes aren't too old and hard or too soft)
....he also makes various other cutting tools with handles
http://www.garieinternational.com.sg/clay/shop/handmade_recycle2.htm
http://www.garieinternational.com.sg/clay/shop/handmade_recycle.htm

some 'stand' cutters (or similar things that can be made yourself) can be helpful in various ways for those with tremors, weak grip, blindness, etc., and various (sharp or not-so-sharp) blades could be used in them or with some kind of upright guide poles
... could be used to help cut thick slabs for feeding into the pasta machine, or to make any kinds of cuts
(see Cutters-Blades > Stand Cutters for more details)

Y-peelers... There is a kitchen tool I've acquired that's been extremely helpful to my somewhat-weak-finger-grip hands. This sucker makes peeling potatoes and even other fruits/veggies so-o much easier for me. . . trying to hold onto potatoes/yams/etc. while peeling was becoming a significant problem. ...the 'micro-finely serrated' Y-peeler. ... http://www.internationalfse.com/kitchen_gadgets.html (look at number 5602)
...just love it. It's got a big, soft, grip and cuts/peels almost like butter. (BTW, for anyone who doesn't know, Y-peelers are the type most used in Europe I think, and are pulled toward the body rather than pushed out away from it like the straight peelers.) Maybe I can even think of a way to use it with clay . . . LOL . . .hmmmmm . . . .actually . . . I just tried it with clay too and it worked fine! I cut a very thin slice from the top of a brick of Premo (like using a cheese plane) and it came away easily and evenly. It did leave tiny little lines in the clay from the serrations but they wouldn't matter if you wanted to use the slices for putting through the pasta machine to condition or mix clay, e.g. Of course, the tiny ridges could be highlighted with metallic powders or used to make funky little stacks of colors too...Actually maybe the cheapie? Y peelers without the serrations would work well for making those thin stacks and not leave ridges; will try it and see. May need to make the handle of it bigger though for a better grip (cheese planes don't work...not sharp enough). Diane B.

a Dove Cutter (a Y-shaped holder which grabs and holds long blades taut) would help with cutting slabs from bricks, chopping off hunks clay, and making lengthwise cuts in logs)... easier on fingers and hands, and could be used one-handed (....be aware that the blade is even sharper than a regular long blade though because it's held taut....also the blade tips stick out on at least the older model and poses a risk too (http://www.doveceramics.com )

NOT NECESSARILY FOR POLYMER:
http://directory.google.com/Top/Shopping/Health/Disabilities/Assistive_Technology (Yahoo's links for assistive devices)
...subcategories: Building Modifications (60) Communication Aids (33) Computer Access (84) Daily Living (184) Education and Learning (21) Electric Scooters (68) Environmental Controls (10) Ergonomic Equipment (3) Fitness Aids (4) Hearing (98) Low Vision Aids (58) Mobility and Transportation (256) Prosthetics and Orthotics (106) Recreation (21) Seating and Positioning (17)

http://www.unlimitedsolutions.ca/productpages/Homemaking_1.html (various kitchen helpers)

Work Areas, Tables, Chairs

The items which have helped me most are things like knee trays (sometimes I'm unable to sit at a desk/table for any length of time)
.... A rotating work board can be a great help to someone who is manually- impaired but it obviously shouldn't be too freely moving like a decorating turntable for cakes - just enough, for bringing items into hand range. Alan V.

How do you folks get a work surface that is high enough without having to have your back bent way over to work? I hope this make sense. ....I use a roll-around office chair. ...Brenda Lea
...If it's a roll around office chair similar to mine, it's adjustable as to height. If you LOWER it, you can roll right up under the table so your face is practically on it. Barbe
This bent-over problem is something I struggle with too because any kind of hunched-over tensing of my chest muscles seems to trigger fibromyalgia chest pain (this first appeared suddenly, years ago, when I spent several hours doing one of my first applique projects --a flower wreath with a hummingbird, appliqued onto the front of a sweatshirt, for my mother-in-law . . . it was a very time-consuming xmas gift and I was trying to get it finished while DH and DS were away for the afternoon). (I had also noticed a deadening of my outer hand(s?) when I'd been learning to do quilting stitches the year before ...which I finally had to give up.)
Anyway!. . . many things involving polymer tend to put me in this physical position unfortunately :-( . My doc suggested forgetting about polymer, but that wasn't acceptable, so then she told me to at least raise my working surface so that I could keep my back really straight while working on those close small items and avoid the 'tensed hunch.'
Well, I tried lots of configurations (and I'm still experimenting) but one thing that did help was to raise my work off the table itself. I have a number of small items like jars, coasters/trivets/tiles/, etc., that I can stack on top of each other to get a height which allows my back to be as straight as possible for whatever I'm working on (and close to eye level whenever possible). I may also vary my height slightly while working on an piece simply to avoid using the same muscles continuously, or I might change the height of my office chair a bit. Depending on the size of the piece I'm working on (seldom are they very large), I usually try to find some stackable items that are round or square and not over 6' wide to use, so that I don't take up too much of that precious real estate in the middle of my work surface . . . also so I don't inadvertently knock the stack down as I reach past to retrieve a new tool/powder, etc.. I also try to remember the golden rule for me . . . keep moving, keep looking up and around, walk around or move whatever muscles I've been using in some *different* way. Really hard to do sometimes, but better than paying for it later.
. . . . Another thing I've actually considered is some sort of support like a massage table or weight-training bench which I can lie face-down on, at an angle diagonal to the work surface. I could then hang my arms freely, sort of under me, and work with a really straight neck and back! . . . especially for things that take a lot of small manipulations. I haven't done that yet, but it's in the back of my mind for if-I-really-need-it eventually. Diane B.

...I am only 5 feet tall, but I was having a lot of trouble through my shoulders and neck from hunching over my work all day. My solution should help you, too. I use a drafting table. It is fully adjustable as to height and angle. author?
...One of the things that really helps w/ my neck is my counter-height work area and tall stool. I tend to get up and down more often (and w/ less effort), and that leads to not hunching over to work, straining my neck. When I sit and work at a table, I tend to sit, hunch, stretch in a bad way, etc.... I can sit on my stool and roll sheets to my heart's content without straining my back or neck. The counter-height stool and bar-height work table make going from sitting to standing MUCH easier, and I can clay for longer without needing a hot bath.
I also have a fabric (or sock) tube filled w/ raw rice that I heat in the microwave and use to help alleviate neck strain. Laurel (see below under 'Heat Therapies')

...raise the table. Use some 8x8 blocks to put under the table legs to whatever elevation you'd like. Barbe
...We raised our tables w/ both bricks & 4x4 boards at a center I used to work in.
...We found it best to attach the original table legs to the new 'risers' (rather than just setting the legs on the risers), so that you would not 'push' the table off it's risers if you pushed against the table. Laurel

I really do like my work area set-up. . .
...I have a high table 'breakfast bar' that is bar height and a high stool.... I can work for a LOT longer since I elevated my work area.
..........a lazy susan on top of a small set of Sterlite drawer units can help elevate a work area as well.
...My work area has storage cabinets underneath.
...On either side of the bar, I have those plastic wheelie carts w/ drawers (or anything one could add wheels to. DB) --it's great to be able to move a cart beside me when I need to, rather than having to get up and go over to it.
...Above the work area, I have those tri-level hanging baskets they sell for storing tomatoes and onions. Laurel
For seating, I have a tall, swivel stool with a back....this makes going from sitting to standing easier on the back & legs.
There is a reason why drafting tables are high--folks who push papers or keys all day seem to be the only ones that work at low-height surfaces. Think about it--most 'active' type jobs utilize higher work surfaces!
(......However... having worked at a drafting table as a environmentalist at an engineering firm, I can tell you that isn't so comfy. ... My stools do double-duty in the kitchen, as I use them while I'm cooking. I find you have to invest the $ to get a GOOD stool. A back is imperative, and the swiveling also helps a lot.
(.....However...we had top of the line padded stools with backs but it was murder on my back all the same. For anyone with back problems or arthritis that sitting exacerbates, I think it would not be an ideal seating. Barbe)
...I have a plexi-glass sheet laid across the front half of the counter surface.
...Behind that, I have stacks of cardboard soda cases, separated w/ sheets of heavy cardboard, which holds stuff in process, canes, etc.
... I have my pasta machine on the right.
....I have various tiles that fit nicely in the space between the pasta machine area & the plexi-glass.
....My tools, etc. stand at the back of the counter, along the wall.
...It took me a LONG TIME to perfect my little work area, but it is very efficient. Laurel Nevans

small portable 'table' or easel made from a tripod and sheet of plywood,etc. (size desired), held together with a steel 'mounting plate' (one 5/16' hole in ctr, 4 outer holes, 4 screws) (...this item would normally be attached to underside of a table so one could screw in a wood table leg), and a nut to fit tripod's bolt (which would normally screw into camera's bottom)
lesson on making one, by Marty W: http://www.pcpolyzine.com/2004november/tripodeasel.html
...I've also used an old slide projector platform (also has a tripod bottom)

I made a portable work surface from a large, thick butcher block cutting board... can put this on my lap or move it to any horizontal surface
.....my pasta machine is clamped onto it...I've also drawn a ruler on the side with a marker... my clay is in a Sterlite container. Carrie
http://www.whimsyminis.com

I also find myself going from sitting to standing a lot. Laurel

sewing or worktable work ... do's & don'ts
http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/sewing/index.html

(for sitting at a computer, see above under Other Hand-Arm Problems)

When working with clay in bed, the first thing to do is cover all around with a sheet (not only to keep the raw clay off the bed but to keep all the blanket lint off the clay...learned that one the hard way).
...I normally work on a large smooth tile which I put up on my knees. (I must lay almost down in bed)...
.. I use a large tray beside me for my clay and tools.
...it does take longer to do anything in bed, and only small projects that aren't complicated, but at least it is working with clay
...make sure you have all you need together so you don't have to get up and down. Poly

Could put a pasta machine on a stool beside the bed (or even on the bed ) as long as it has a motor attached so no cranking is necessary

We stack two dog crates between our beds ... which block the light on my side of the room so I don't disturb my husband's sleep if I wake up at 3 am unable to go back to sleep, then sit up and do some work. . .
...He also set up a small desk for my clay next to the bed so in the morning if I wake up early, I can just sit up and work on something I might have been thinking about doing....
...He brought home an old drafting board clamp-on light for my clay desk..It is great. It has a circle fluorescent light with a blue light in the center. You can angle the lamp so it faces downward towards the work area and the light doesn't go far from that. Great solutions for us! Barbe

Sue Salvatore's article on ergomonics & safety (adaptive studio layouts, ergonomics, space organization)
http://pcpolyzine.com/march2001/art.html

Have you tried using an 'egg crate' foam mattress on top of your standard mattress? I never realized how much the egg crate helps, until I stayed at my parents' house w/o one. The next day, we went to the Health Care Equipment store and bought one. Now, I can sleep better when I visit the folks too. Laurel

floor easel..... custom-molded reclining wheelchair with headrest, coupled with an adjustable lap tray.
. ...from a prone position, maybe a motorized, remote control floor desk?
...A good orthopedist can write a prescription and refer to a good shop.
.... a Rehabilitation Engineering team can come out and assess situations then build equipment to allow best function (a local university or vocational rehab agency can help find Rehabilitation Engineering teams in any area).
.... also contact Job Accommodation Network http://janweb.icdi.wvu.edu/ to find professionals in the area who can meet with the person to assess the particular situation, and hopefully, help get the equipment needed (even for those employed at home).....also a font of info about how to modify a work station.. Laurel

floor and lap stands, ergonomic desks units, book holders on flexible arms, etc.
http://www.sitincomfort.com/homofdesandw.html
.....simpler ones http://www.sitincomfort.com/readwritcomt.html
http://needlepoint.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://www.artisandesign.com (various floor and lap stands ...for needlework, but good ideas?)
http://www.backbenimble.com/new/pages/baltinc/laptops.htm

interesting chairs, stools, foot rests, cushions, etc.
http://www.sitincomfort.com/alseat.html (look in many of the categories in the left hand navigation bar)
http://www.relaxtheback.com

(heavily) Assistive Devices

I am a clayer and an occupational therapist. I have used polymer clay as a therapy medium for folks with decreased fine motor coordination and decreased pinch and grasp:
--Working the clay to get it ready to use is good for strengthening the grasp and pinch. Becky
.....Do you think the process of conditioning the clay helps increase the strength of your hands and fingers, Annie? I think your idea of carrying around a lump of clay and kneading while you do chores, is a great hand therapy intervention. ....I think a pinch pot projects would be fun and therapeutic as well. Lori
.......I know the conditioning of clay has helped my hands. There was a time when my fingers just wouldn't cooperate with me and that is so frustrating. ...My hands are much better now, I have days when it's difficult but for the most part they are stronger Pat
--You can make the tools for working clay with larger handles for easier grip, and add a texture for a surer grip. Toothpicks, pins, nails, small metal files, etc. can all be made into tools that allow you to better grip your tool and to cheaply make yourself lots of helpers. If you have done any wood sculpting, you can use some of your wood tools for polymer clay.
--Also look at all those wood scraps that could be sanded to make stands or plaques to put your creations on as well as using your wood stains on the wood or polymer clay.
--You can also use cookie cutters and cookie stamps.
--You didn't say how long since your stroke, but probably at least a year since you say you're on disability. Keep working on your coordination, and your ability to use your hands and arms at every opportunity, because you can continue to get better even after the optimal window of the first six months or year.
.....If I can help you in any way with some problem solving with adaptations, please contact me through Polyzine.
http://www.pcpolyzine.com ...Beckie

I was an art therapy assistant when I was 15, and that's when I started learning how to adapt any art project so that any individual would be able to complete at least a piece of it.
. . .The great thing about clay is that SO MANY common items can be used/adapted as clay tools, and such beautiful objects can be created using such simple techniques. The key is finding the right project to do w/ physically and/or mentally disabled folks.
--The idea is to examine the functional limitations and how they impact on the project at hand.
--Then, figure out with which steps of the project the individual is likely to have difficulty.
--Once these steps have been identified, the next thing is to figure out if some sort of assistive device would help mitigate the impact of the disability, or if it is possible to modify the step so it can be done with or without an assistive device. . .
...if it can't be done with an assistive device, what type of physical assistance would be required so the step can be done
...if the step must be completed for the individual. If so, we try to ensure it is a minor step, so the project still is 'theirs'. (For example, a person may be able to string beads, but not apply a clasp to the ends or to tie a knot. In this case, the instructor would 'finish' the necklace, but the necklace would still have been 'created' by the individual, as clasping is a minor step.) . . Laurel.

I rigged up an artichoke heart jar w/ one of those useless small brushes that come in blush. I used e-6000 to glue the brush to the lid of the jar. Now, not only do I have a jar that will keep the brush suspended in the Future (or other sealer) , meaning I don't have to clean the brush in between glazing sessions, but I have a brush that is much easier on the hands to use. I can grasp the whole lid, making for less pain in my hands. Laurel

tremors . . . . I saw a book lately which suggested buying weighted silverware to folks with Parkinsons. The extra weight was supposed to moderate the tremoring a bit, I guess. So you might want to experiment with making permanent or temporary weighted handles for some of your tools (like a needle tool, e.g.) just to see if that helps.
The other thing I do to steady myself when I'm taking photos or sometimes when making some tiny motion when claying is to press my arm or body against something (in the case of claying, it's usuallly the table or my other hand/arm ...for photography it's the nearst post or wall, or just breathing all the way *out* and then locking my arms to my torso as best I can).
... Have you tried listening to music when you're working and tremoring? It's a far out idea, I know, but I found that music I liked and could really get into, to be a great ally when I had the most pain and tried to walk for exercise. With my headphones on, the music was really a full sensory experience and I found that it kind of took over some of my brain and overrode many of the signals I was getting..maybe your brain would kind of go with the flow of the rhythm and you could sort of time your movements? Sounds really weird, I know, but I'm willing to get it wherever I can when trying to compensate <g>. Diane B.
....I'm wondering if clamp-on arm rests might help. They're designed to clamp on to a computer desk to provide arm support for carpal tunnel syndrome... Laurel
...essestial tremor ... In spite of it, I have been able to do quite a few delicate artistic projects. The most important thing I have found is not to try too hard. Extreme muscle tension makes it worse. Relax and be patient. It sometimes takes several false starts before I finally make a motion. I have found that the extreme muscle weakness I have now with my fibromyalgia has made it more difficult. The suggestion of steadying your arm on something is also helpful. Hang in there! Marilyn
...I did try bracing my arm on a rolled towel,and it does help steady me a lot. Peggy
...tension does make essential tremors worse. Ironically a little discussed fact is that a popular home remedy for tension works ---alcohol. Do not overdo!!! ...An occasional, single, SMALL glass of wine might be beneficial. docluci

--We always paired folks with different limitations, so that between the 2 (or 3 or 4) of them, they could complete the project.
--For folks ...with limited hand function, we often used velcro or home made splints to 'attach' tools to a wrist, and we made great use of things like mouth sticks.
--I give someone with (Cerebral Palsy)-curled hands a pencil wrapped with rubber bands to use as a simple assistive device.
-- Pre-made canes (can be bought or made)...
--One does not necessarily NEED to be able to roll flat sheets to make clay projects. Beads are actually a great project for groups with physical limitations. You can use Sculpey (or FimoSoft which is now also very soft plus it's stronger after baking), which works great for folks with limited hand strength, and most folks can roll shapes, or string beads rolled by others (although it helps to keep the beads large-holed and use something like 2 mm leather for stringing). Laurel Nevans
....Yesterday I found out about a group of mentally challenged adults that has a creativity meeting every Wednesday. They're always looking for supplies to make things with. So, my formerly unloved beads are going there. Kim K.

doing SHOWS

(see more on ideas for doing shows & making displays, etc, in Shows)

. . . I had started out the season with one of my closest friend's pledge to be there every Saturday to help me pack/unpack the car, set up and break down. Well, that lasted exactly 2 Saturdays.. . . at the beginning, I never thought it was something I was going to be able to do by myself. I am sharing this anecdote for all the other folks on this list who are experiencing the same self-doubt.

.....Now, I do have (doing a show by myself) down to a science. I can even handle setting up/taking down my tent by myself.
. . . Granted, I 'rest up' for two days before, spend Saturday night in the bathtub, and Sunday on the couch watching videos...but I've now made it through a Summer of Saturdays doing it on my own...and better than some of those who have 'partners'. I've learned a lot in getting it down to a science, though:

CONTAINERS, SWITCHPLATES, SHELVES
---Those small stackable storage containers are fantastic, and now I try to go to Target and pick up a few 6-quart ones whenever they run a sale. You can carry a few stacked when they're full of lightweight stuff, but one at a time if they're heavy. . . . At the show, you can use them as 'risers' on your display. . . .Those large, plastic containers that everyone else has can get heavy awfully quickly. I use my big containers only to hold display items such as easels, table covers, and baskets (which aren't as heavy, just large and bulky).
---I once made the mistake of packing my switchplates in a large container, and then couldn't get it from the house to the car! (more than a dozen switchplates at a time gets really heavy. I save my old Omaha steaks cardboard boxes for them, w/ layers of tissue between the layers of plates. About as many plates as one box will hold is about as heavy as I want to get.
---Bricks wrapped in foil make great weights, and one at a time are not too hard to lift. Using weights on lightweight display shelves can be less taxing than trying to use heavy display shelves.

PACKING
---Whenever possible, pack the car the night before, and do not unpack until the next day.
---Clear a corner of the garage not too far from the car, and store your inventory there in between closely scheduled shows.
......If the car must be packed in a certain way (with boxes, etc.), keep those items that must go in first in a separate corner from those that need to go in later. It makes it easier to unpack the car. (For example, my tables must go in 1st, then my tent, then the box of shelves, then the inventory boxes. Coming home, the inventory comes out 1st. Therefore, I keep my boxes of inventory in one corner, and the tables in another, so I can pack/unpack the car easier.)
---Designate 1 box your 'admin' box, so it's easier to find sales receipts, etc. after the show. My price labels, business cards, receipt books, tax licenses, bug spray, scissors, tape, cards, shower curtain hooks, sharpie, ball point, blue tack and tools all go in my 'admin box'. It's only one thing to grab then, and easy to find.)
---Pack inventory according to how it will be displayed. I put the things that go on the 'left shelves, left side' in similar boxes, 'right shelves left side' in similar boxes, etc. Makes for less hauling stuff around. Laurel

The way I have of getting around the craft show challenges is to have a holiday open house at my home instead. Relatives are often with me to help out.. . . I don't do just polymer clay though (homemade soaps and herbal products, jewelry, candles, etc... also my sister has some hand painted vases and butterflies so it's like a mini craft show). . . . I save on craft show fees, and my main expense is printing up flyers to put around town and mail to past customers. ...one option would be to group with a couple friends to add to the variety if you just do clay (and more important to share the work load). Jan

EYESIGHT

voice recognition software is very helpful for using a computer with vision disabilities
...these programs (like Via Voice) will create text from your spoken speech, and well as perform other 'commands' like opening programs, etc.
http://www.utoronto.ca/atrc/reference/tech/voicerecog.html
....this type of software can allow the person to use a computer for everyday living things, to get stimulation from browsing the web and learning new things, and especially to have social interactions
....there are many online groups (message boards-forums, mailing lists, etc.) for just about any topic imaginable;.for example:
......any hobby or art-craft (including polymer clay)
..... any interest (politics, health, kids, philosophy, religion, recycling, professions, etc., etc.)

Low Vision especially


links to crafts for those with low-vision
http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=%22legally+blind%22+crafts (low vision)
http://tinyurl.com/8vykn

see above in Assistive Tools for 'magni-clips' which clip onto glasses giving a 1.00-4.00 magnification for working on small items . . . doesn't cover whole field of vision like reading glasses. . . flip-up-able

If you have trouble reading the temp on the oven thermometer, you could use a large, *glass* magnifying glass; it could be set into a little stand of polymer clay for holding in front of the thermometer--the farther apart they are, the greater the magnification.
...Using just one lens from strong (3.0 or higher) drug store reading glasses also works.
...You might also want to add a polymer clay marker to the thermometer next to the exactly correct baking temp. so that you wouldn't actually have to read the numbers (to avoid using glue which might degrade in the oven, it could probably be attached over the edge of the face).
Diane B

(probe thermometers, for knowing when item is fully cured)
.... I just bought a new oven thermometer. It's digital, with a probe that goes in the oven and the readout part that you keep outside. It's really meant for roasts & turkeys,... the thermometer has an alarm that goes off when it reaches a set temp (ie: 275 degrees), and, voila, no more burning!! It also had a timer on it. I love it. It was expensive ($24), but if it means I won't burn stuff, its well worth it. I wrapped the probe in tin foil and then a layer of clay. When it reaches 275, I know my actual pieces have cooked all the way through. Claire
....probe thermometer, Radio Shack, $19.95 …. has a stand and a magnet so you can see the temperature and time display where ever it is convenient. Patty
...(probes, for preheating) I found out how long it was taking my oven to reach the required temperature (30 minutes) and the degree of fluctuation during the heating cycles. +/- 10 degrees. Patty
... probes are costly, and I find not reliable. The probe needs to sit INSIDE the item while baking. Does not do a good job on the ambient air temp. . Valerie

Blindness

There are actually a quite a number of things that the blind can do with polymer clay because so much involves touching and manipulating, and can involve texture, etc.... see the many ideas below.

also see more on this topic at Sculpey's page on 'special needs' children (sensory disabilities)
http://www.sculpey.com/specialneeds.htm

also see more below also in other categories like Seniors, Stroke & other impairments, etc.

links to crafts and activities for the blind
http://www.ode.state.or.us/osb/departments/crafts-and-other-activities-for-the-visually-impaired.pdf
American Foundation for the Blind
...message boards (Arts & Leisure ...Seniors, etc), and other info:
http://www.afb.org/seniorsite.asp?SectionID=67&TopicID=309 ... http://www.afb.org/message_board_folders2.asp
...senior site http://www.afb.org/seniorsitehome.asp
more http://tinyurl.com/b79yn

clay brands

SculpeyIII and FimoSoft are the the softest clay brands and may not be best for the blind to work with because the heat from one's hands while working with the clay can make those even softer and goopier (however, they can be set aside periodically or refrigerated, etc, to cool; for other ways to avoid the problem see Characteristics > Sculpey III).... they also don't tend to hold detail as well (if detail is what you want)
...Sculpey III is the softest polymer clay on the market and therefore needs little or no conditioning... but it's also the weak clay because it will be very brittle after baking --especially in any thin or extending areas--and can break or chip with stress.
...FimoSoft may have several problems... first, its formula may be changing soon in the U.S. to something similar to Sculpey III (this has already happened in the U.K.)....also I find the different colors of FimoSoft to be more inconsistent in firmness than any of the other clay brands (which can be a problem for some techniques)....some of their colors seem to rub off onto one's hands more easily than most of the other brands' colors.
....Premo, which is normally a favorite clay, may not be the best for blind persons either because it's more heat-responsive than the other brands; therefore it's best not to 'overwork' it which could be a problem if touching the clay more than a sighted person
... FimoClassic ... the only real disadvantage to it is that it's the stiffest and most difficult to condition clay brand (although that's improved some since the Eberhard Faber people found themselves losing market to softer clays). FimoClassic has a wonderful 'feel,' and holds crisp detail ...caners love it.
...As for Kato Polyclay, it's still very good and its color trueness holds in baking better than any other brands, but you should also know that it leaves a slightly shiny finish (as opposed to matte), and it comes only in 8 'spectral' colors (colors of the rainbow) plus metallics and translucent, so you'd perhaps be mixing colors more than with other brands --or maybe that would be an advantage?... it also has a slight vinyl odor (strongest out of the package, and that might be a problem or an advantage).
...to read much more about all the characteristics of all clay brands and types, see Characteristics (translucent clays, mica clays, and liquid clays have their own separate pages though)

working with colors

SORTING & IDENTIFICATION:
There should be lots of ways to keep clay colors (or canes, cane components, etc.) sorted for identification just by feel
...'markers' for various colors could be stuck into raw clay fairly easily, and that could be one way to go... these could be the same marker for each color for all sorting needs, or different for various occasions
.....be careful to make markers only from materials which are non-reactive with raw clay and non-porous if they will be in direct contact with clay for longer than a few minutes .....e.g.,.metal, glass, ceramic, even some plastics (see Covering > Plastics and Storage for more on which plastics are non-reactive)
...........some porous materials may be okay if they're first sealed with non-reactive finishes or paints, or if they're physically separated from the areas which will be in contact with raw clay
...whole blocks or blobs of clay could have more or less permanent 'markers,' but short-term sorting could use something quicker
...for permanent markers in particular, one could perhaps use a metal bottle cap with a color indicator glued onto its top surface ...that way anything could be used for the actual identification (e.g., baked clay with impressed dots or patterns, baked clay shapes, braille tape?, etc.)
...ideas for color identification could also come from indicators like: a certain number or pattern of long or applique sewing pins, metal brads or charms, buttons, wire shapes . . .
....a piece of wire could be bent into various shapes at the projecting end to indicate a color, or the wire could have a marker of some kind attached to it
........the long sewing pins with flat plastic 'flowers' at the end could have a marker glued to them too
....impressed textures could discriminate between colors too, either for attached markers or impressed onto the clay itself ... for example the difference between the impression of sandpaper vs. a row of lines vs. a thickly-nubbled texture, etc., should feel obvvious (see Textures page for texture sheets & more)... or textures made by stamps or stamping 'tools' could be used to (screwdriver tip, nailhead, needle tool, or about anything).
.....clay ropes or dots or other onlays can be used as identifying bits which would protrude rather than be impressed... those could be baked too
.....any of these things could correspond to braille symbols, or be custom

...for putting markers in canes, it might be best to use something very thin (like the thinnest sewing pins) so as not to disturb the pattern inside, or use something which doesn't penetrate the cane at all like a plastic baggie rolled around it with the color or type indicator inside the plastic

Colors could also be sorted by container into various boxes, plates or trays, tube troughs, etc., as long as they non-reactive with raw clay
....containers could be recognizable by their shape or position, or they could have small markers attached to them temporarily or permanently.
....location ...components or colors could be sorted by their position or orientation on the work surface, etc.

MIXING NEW COLORS:
.....there are lots of 'recipes' for mixing clay colors, etc., on the Color page
.....there is also another page which covers making gradient sheets of clay (graduating smoothly from one color to the next), the most famous of which is the 'Skinnner Blend.' These blends give a lot more depth and interest to anything they're used for, even when using only a few simple colors
.......these sheets can then be turned into gradient 'plugs' (accordion-folded loafs) and bullseye canes for use in even more situations.

projects & technique ideas

Here are some ideas and techniques that might be easiest and most interesting for the blind.
(...for much more on each one, see it's corresponding page here at GlassAttic):

...sculpting of all kinds
...my sister once had to sculpt her own head in a high school art class while blindfolded by feeling her face and then touching the clay, over and over ... it was amazing how good her head looked!.... although she sculpted her (earth clay) head in one color and it was colored with a glaze while in the kiln, I believe it was also 'antiqued' as well to bring out the detail --which could be a good idea with polymer clay sculpts of one color as well
...by the way, 'sculpting' with polymer clay can be simple or complex...large or small...representational or abstract, etc.
...see info on sculpting dog and cat heads (including feeling their head structures) in Sculpting-gen > Other Items > 'Animals'
(...see also Sculpting--Tools & Bodies, Heads & Masks, Miniatures, Armatures)

...bas relief 'paintings' might be a really usable technique
.... one way to do these is to create a scene or image, etc., on a flat board or other surface, with shaped and/or textured bits of clay
.... large or small areas can be heated briefly with low-temp heat gun (like an embossing gun) to 'set' them so they can't be damaged when working on other parts (see Tools > Heat Guns)
....these could be designs created by the clayer, or designs taken from graphics, coloring books, photos, etc.
(...see loads of details on these in Paints > 'Polymer Pastes & other 'paintings'' ...also in Sculpture > Bas Relief ... also in Kids > Sculpting > Relief Sculpting)

...flat or fairly flat clay shapes can also be puzzle-pieced together in sheets, with the result being abstract or not ....a bit like 'pieced' quilts
.....the component clay pieces for these could be textured or smooth...or have other surface treatments like crackled leaf or metallic powders....and/or be combined with balls, ropes and other shapes of clay
....pieces could also be entirely different from each other, or similar in color or texture to tie them together in certain areas
(....see Sheets of Pattern > Crazy Patch)

...other interesting sheets of clay can be made in various ways (even a simple marbling of colors gives added interest)
.....any sheets created can be used for cutouts as below, for covering things, or for making 'draped' bowls (see Vessels page), and in many more ways

...using cutters (cookie, canape, etc., or make your own cutters) to cut shapes from sheets of clay
......then embellish if wanted (the results could be ornaments, or used for jewelry or plaques, or be glued to greeting cards, or used for onlay or just about anything)

...stamping & texturing ....(see below in 'Suggestions for Polymer Activities' to read more about these 2 techniques)
.....there are many actual 'stamps' you can buy (or make yourself, or have made...see Stamping), as well as many items from around the house which be used to make excellent stamped designs
....(after texturing) one of two steps can be added to bring out the detail, add complexity or richness, etc., both of which give a lot of bang for the buck and aren't hard to do:
1. ....use a bit of mica powder (like Pearl Ex) to 'highlight' just the upper surfaces of the texture ...(tamp a little powder on your middle finger, tap off the excess, then rub lightly in circles around the top part of the impressed surface --once you get the feel for doing it, rub the powder into the surface clay fairly well and you won't need to seal it
2 ...or 'antique' just the lower areas of your textured surface... this can be done with various media after baking (paints, metallic or other powders, even metallic leafing, etc).... as well as a few ways involving steps both before and after baking
.......one of the most frequent ways to antique is to rub a dark brown acrylic tube paint (often Burnt Umber) all over the textured and baked piece, working it down into all the crevices (with a toothbrush if necessary)...let it set up for a minute or two... then wipe the paint from the surface with a flat (possibly damp) paper towel leaving color only in the depressions... can be buffed later, or sanded and buffed
3. impressed textures can also be completely covered with powders, paints, leaf, etc.
....for Christmas for example, you could cut these treated sheets into squares or any shape, poke a hole near the top with a coffee or other straw, bake, and make a zillion ornaments for a big or small tree ... or use them as gift bookmarks, on cards, etc.

...onlays of all kinds, and even Balinese Filigree (a spiraling of thin clay ropes into patterns)
...... onlays can be cut with small cutters or freehand, and applied to rounded surfaces like beads or flat surfaces

...lettering can be created for worry stones or name plaques, etc., by stamping or by onlaying ropes of clay, etc.
(see Letters,Inks > Lettering)

...some fauxs could be fun to make too
... for example, faux turquoise is often made with tiny chunks of clay which are pressed together and later antiqued with brown paint
....faux metal is often a matter of using metallic powders and paints... leather can also be simulated
....some rock or gemstones might be fun too because they often are created by recipe or texturing, etc
........like jade, amber, coral, etc.... lava, granite, sandstone, etc.
....these faux materials can also be used for 'sculpting' objects as well

...mosaics (geometric, pictorial or abstract)
......can be created with clay tiles made from thin sheets of baked clay which are laid into a sheet of raw clay, or the tiles can simply be stuck onto any surface with suitable glue (box, table, plate, etc.)
......
tiles can be cut or scored in a clay sheet before baking (& snapped apart afterward), or cut with scissors or punches while still warm
......the colors of the clay tiles could be identified by texturing the back side of each color differently before baking, or in some other way
......some kind of temporary or permanent cording, ridges, etc., could be placed on the surface to guide the placement of tiles in shapes or areas
......clay mosaics can be grouted or not... ordinary grouts can be used, or grouts can be made from diluted clay, etc.
(...see Mosaics & Inlay for much more)

...covering all kinds of items with slices, bits or sheets of clay
.....for example, votive candle holders, pencil cups, bowls, boxes, bottles, pens, etc.

...beads & bead shapes of all kinds!
(re shapes, there are so many which can be created with human hands only, and it's a fascinating process to experiment with making as many as possible...looking at ancient jewelry, etc., illustrates the breadth of possibilities)

....molds ....(see below in 'Suggestions for Polymer Activities' to read about making and using molds)
...molds can be made from polymer clay or two-part silicone putties quite easily... then after baking, used to shape more polymer clay
.......many purchased molds with work with clay also
...these molds could extend the range of objects that the blind person could represent (just like we sighted clayers use them)...raw molded shapes can also serve as a starting point for further manipulation or reshaping
(molded items can also be antiqued, highlighted or completely covered just as above with textured items)

...wire ...can be used with polymer clay in various ways (for connectors or decorative elements, coils, etc.) and many shapes can be created by feel alone
(see Wire ....and Jewelry > 'Connectors' especially)

...many vessels (boxes, bowls, containers)
......e.g., bowls made on removable armatures (like the back of a glass custard dish), then popped off after baking
......draped bowls can be made by draping a sheet of clay over a form of some kind (e.g., an upturned custard dish)...edges can be fluted, etc.
(see Vessels and maybe Vessels-Rock)

Think about things you'd like to make for yourself to make your life easier as well...
....or perhaps make games, etc., in a style which allow s you to play with your kids/grandkids or others...or modify an old game in some way

There are various techniques used with polymer clay that involve sanding:
...sanding off
...... the upper surface of a baked piece can be sanded to remove a bit of clay, paint or leafing, etc. that has previously been applied to the entire surface... this yields the same result as 'antiquing' above in that it leaves the material only in the crevices
.....the upper surface may also be sanded off to reveal clay colors or patterns lying inside the clay (see Clay Guns > Braid...or maybe Mokume Gane > Sanded.....or Mica > Ghost Image)...

...finishes:
.....clear liquid sealers like Future (floor polish) or Rustoleum's Varathane (aka 'Flecto' to clayers) --must be the water-washup one---can be applied with the hands as well as with brushes (may even avoid any bubble problems that way....then wash hands with soap and water
....clear solid waxes can be rubbed on applied as well
....sanding and buffing... polymer clay can be sanded with wet-dry sandpaper (water keeps any dust down), usually 400 grit then 600 grit to smooth it in preparation for buffing
....buffing would be best done, I think, with a small 'Dremel' a fluffy wheel or two ....should be safe even for the blind as long as hair is tied back and any other loose things are out of the way (btw, touching the rotating buffing wheel isn't painful)
... or the sanded surface can be rubbed briskly on cloth with a texture (jeans, beadspread, etc.) to bring out a sheen
(see Finishes... Sanding-Tumbling... Buffing)

A low-temp heat gun (like an embossing gun) can be used if needed to 'set' certain areas so they can't be damaged when working on other parts (Tools > Heat Guns)

For more activities and suggestions which may also work for the blind....see below in 'some Suggestions for Polymer Activities,' and all over the rest of this page as well.

The Kids page here also functions in some ways as a beginner's page because I tried to list some of the simpler things can could be done with many of the polymer techniques as well as kid theme things.

If you have a dog, be aware they some of them love to eat raw clay, resulting in technicolor poop. It doesn't seem to hurt them at all, but as with humans it's best not to load up the body with plasticizer. So be sure to keep it covered or otherwise protected if your dog isn't well trained, or happens to like the stuff.

I find that my pieces which are most appreciated by partially-sighted friends and family are, not surprisingly, the most tactile ones. I tend to embellish the clay with things like feathers (owl masks) or threads or I simply impress textures into the clay before baking it.
....one excellent source of very varied and reasonably priced textures are the Clearsnap 'Colorbox' range of 'rubber mats.' They're quite small (about 3x10 ins) but each mat contains about 15 different designs (the mats are meant to be used with heatable stamping wands, but we clayers are well known for co-opting all kinds of non-clay apparatus!) Alan V.
http://www.clearsnap.com/site.html (see more in Stamping)

KIDS with disabilities & special needs

please NOTE: ....there's more on kids with special needs below under 'Emotional issues' .....and also below under 'Suggestions for Polymer Activities'
...also more at Sculpey's page (regarding clay and cognitive, communicative, physical, emotional, etc, difficulties)
http://www.sculpey.com/specialneeds.htm
...also many of the regular items for kids on the Kids page could be useful

"Clay as Art Therapy," by Garie Sim
http://www.garieinternational.com.sg/clay/about13.htm (then click on link there for complete text)
http://www.garieinternational.com.sg/clay/learning.htm

a mother talks about how learning to use polymer clay at Garie Sim's school helped her ADHD child (cognitive, learning difficulties) tremendously (from age 8), and see some of Yijun's clay work
http://www.garieinternational.com.sg/clay/yijun%27s%20site/more.htm

a mother talks about her autistic son and how much his speech and development grew when he discovered polymer clay (at the AWWA Special School Play Clay school)
http://www.garieinternational.com.sg/clay/about_kervyn.htm
http://www.garieinternational.com.sg/clay/special_kid.htm (Kervyn's creations)

(AWWA Special School is an extension of Garie Sim's regular polymer clay school for kids in Singapore)
...'with the Play Clay Programme we hope to create more happy and confident kids, despite their physical and mental problems
...clay art can help reinforce one's sense of identity, idividuality, and self esteem
....as well as being a powerful vehicle for expressing one's inner life and bringing out unconscious material (can manifest aspects of emotional life which may have been 'split off' or repressed')
....Play Clay can also be a useful and playful way to develop social skills, through its inherent co-operative interaction
....(working and playing with clay can also) develop and cultivate in the child's mind a good sense of composition, better visualization of color, a firm basic sense of proportion and allow them to be more focused in what she or he is doing ... and the creative thought process will improves a child's skill of visual observation.'
.....the manipulation of the materials themselves affects physical well-being as well, and is an excellent way to develop small motor skills
http://www.garieinternational.com.sg/clay/playclay.htm
http://www.garieinternational.com.sg/clay/learning.htm

especially for my special ed., elem. students, (as an incentive device) I make movable magnet figures on a painted metal whiteboard ... it works like a motivation or progress chart)
...first they make a little clay skater figure (I love the different hairstyles,hats,scarves the kids put on them)... then put a magnet on back
...then they get to move their figure around a ('Skateboard Park' track) --one segment every day that their assignment is done, or that they come to class on time, etc. (also ....when they get to segment #14, they get to choose a prize out of the prize box)
...I painted the Skateboard Park background with straight tempera on a 3x4' metal whiteboard
......actually I painted on the BACK of the white board, since the magnets stick better on the back side (back is metal with a matte finish).
.......oh and thanks for the reminder about the liquid soap helping paint stick on waxed milk cartons, etc. -- I'd forgotten about that one! Will use it for sure when I do any repainting. .. last year I had no problem with chipping, but this year there has been a little. The magnets do not often come in contact with the painted areas (?).....each year I paint a new picture, after washing off the old one. LynnDel
http://www.pcpolyzine.com/0302february.pdf (click on 'Skateboard Park'from 2nd page)
http://home.earthlink.net/~danewbold/page2.html (gone?) (see more on magnets in Other Materials > Magnets)

(see also Rod Wicks' work with older children, below in Emotional Difficulties)

fine motor skills practice, organizational thinking, cause-effect, etc.
..see Kids > Toys for many possibilities:
...fishing games, lots of motion toys ... including my magnet bug toy (clay or other 'bug' with a magnet underneath is moved down a path drawn on cardstock by kid, by moving another magnet around underneath)

for a spelling, etc. game for kids Mary Lyons' lesson on creating clay cubes with a pasta alphabet letter impressed into each side
http://www.hgtv.com/hgtv/ah_entertaining_other/article/0,1801,HGTV_3116_1380656,00.html
...also see Letters-Inks for many other ways to create letters with clay, or to incorporate lettering with polymer clay... also at Sculpey's page (above)

(see more on each of these ideas below, under Emotional)
....to help kids identify or express facial expressions and emotions of their own (or of others), make interchangeable Mr. Potato Head type pieces from polymer (eyes, nose, mouth, ears, hat, collar, or any other accessory... could be happy/sad/angry).. . .
...
making figures (or accessories or backgrounds) from polymer clay to use in various ways, or just as is?
...larger
sand trays and tabletop Zen gardens (small trays) use many items in shallow trays filled with sand to make scenes

'houses' (created by children from around the world with disabilities) to express their hopes and dreams --non-polymer, but inspirational)
http://www.vsarts.org/prebuilt/showcase/gallery/exhibits/cbborders/cbb01.html (keep clicking NEXT)

I was asked to suggest ways that kids of impaired ability could be made interested in the polymer clay
... I found that lots of colours were the key
.....Pearlex powders are a boon too, but can be messy, so may I suggest putting it into smaller, weighted pots (or even stuck-down containers) and soft paintbrushes (or finger) for application. Alan V.

links for physical and learning disabilities http://www.pitt.edu/~poole/eledSpecEd.html
suggestions for picking out toys http://www.kidsource.com/kidsource/content3/toys.disabilities.html
...also Toys 'R' Us Toy Guide For Differently Abled Kids (created through its partnerships with the National Lekotek Center and the National Parent Network on Disabilities, Toys 'R' Us developed and distributed this digest-sized catalog -- the ideal resource for parents, family members and friends who just don't know what to get for a child with special needs....it features more than 60 popular toys, and is available now at Toys 'R' Us stores).

Start with the Arts is an instructional program for 4-6 year-olds that uses the arts to assist young children, including those with disabilities, in exploring themes commonly taught in early childhood classrooms.